Why a Spinning Ball Curves — the Magnus Effect and Circulation
·6 min read
Random spin drifts a musket ball sideways. Circulation Γ=2πa²ω sets the side force, and spin 2 misses by 6.90 m, not twice the 3.71 m printed at spin 1.
Why a Spinning Ball Curves — Circulation, Magnus, and the Kutta–Joukowski Theorem
·6 min read
At U=10 and R=0.5 the three circulations send top-surface Cp from -3 to -15. At critical spin the lower stagnation point sits at Cp=1.